From+Hunter-Gatherer+to+Civilization

media type="custom" key="6863747" align="left" Task 1 - Define Civilization Civilization is the development of a socioeconomic structure and a political body that controls the penal code of the large group. This occurs due to the surplus of crops and/or food supply.

Task 2 - ESPIRIT Chart on Early Civilization

Task 3 ** ESPIRIT Chart ** You must include main ideas and details in each category Civilization/Nation/Group: Assyria Time Period: 2400 BCE to 612 BCE


 * < E  ||<  The economy of the Assyrian Empire was largely based on the fact that it was such a militaristic empire that it received payments from conquered lands. Other areas would send tributes of precious metals. The economy was still largely based of the barter system since there was no monetary representation.  ||
 * < S  ||<  The separation between the ruler and the ruled increases and with that the riches of the empire begin to show unequal distribution of that health. From the reading, it was deduced that there were a farmer class, warrior class, and the rulers.  ||
 * < P  ||<  The king of the Assyrian Empire would be the religious and militaristic leader. Power would mostly descend through the military as Assyria was based on military. So the next in power would be generals and then soldiers.  ||
 * < I  ||<  The interactions of the Assyrian Empire with the surrounding area were mostly fueled by the constant fear of attack. Surrounding areas would send tributes to the king in hopes of “staying on his good side” and avoiding an attack. Areas that were already part of the empire also sent tributes as the king would often threaten to send the military to tear them down.  ||
 * < R  ||<  Many people in the area of Mesopotamia were polytheistic and also believed in demons and monsters. The king of Assyria controlled the religious ceremonies in Assyria. It was the belief that humans were created to lighten the workload of the Gods which previously did agricultural work.  ||
 * < I  ||<  The tributes that the surrounding areas had to pay to the Kings would’ve connected a large amount of different cultures through the goods that were given to the king. Also, through the pride of the kings, a large amount of the military campaigns were recorded in the large palaces that were made for the kings.  ||
 * < T  ||<  Technology was mostly developed in terms of military as it has been for most of history. The soldiers had modified the bows and arrows and the spear and shield. There were “rams” made that would be set on fire in attempt to bring down city walls.  ||

Task 4 **__ Primary Source Analysis __** __Document:__ Hamurabi’s Code What do we know about where this was created? What have we learned about this topic? Society that may be relevant? || We know that this was the birthplace of civilization and that the structure of society was probably not rigid at all. This means that there had to have been chaos as necessity is the mother of all inventions, even law. || Who is the intended audience? How might they receive this? – quotes to support your claims? || The people of Babylon were the intended audience for this code. They would either believe that the code would bring an end to chaos or believe that the code was too harsh. “If a man has accused a man and has charged him with manslaughter and then has not proved him, his accuser shall be put to death” || What is the purpose of this document? Read between the lines, support claims with a quote ||  People had to have been doing this wrong or barberic because this was meant to establish order in Babylon so arguments would have a find a way of ending. “If a trader borrows money from a merchant….” || Support with quotes ||  An eye for an eye. “If a free person helps a slave to escape, the free person will be put to death. If a man has committed robbery and is caught, that man shall be pput to death.” || How does this relate to the big picture? What can it tell us as historians? Relate to ESPIRIT if possible ||  This tells us that as the human population began to grow in these city states and empires, the necessity for law and order. There was structure being added to the social structure and the structure of every day life. ||
 * Author – Who created this? What do we know about the author? What might influence their opinions? ||  Hamurabi was the king of Babylon. As the ruler and the ruled class became more polarized, Hamurabi was probably heavily influenced by his power and believed his word was righteous.  ||
 * **Place** – Where and when was it created - ||  The code was written in Mesopotamia. And it was created around 1800-1750 BCE  ||
 * ** Prior Knowledge **
 * ** Audience **
 * ** Reason for Creation **
 * ** The Main Idea **
 * ** Significance **

Questions? How were these laws enforced?

Task 5

Chapter 1 Vocabulary ** __Neolithic Revolution-__ ** The Neolithic Revolution was a shift in the economic system of human society from a hunter-gatherer society to an agrarian society based on the large amount of cereal crops. ** __Bronze Age-__ ** Tools transitioned from being purely made out of wood and stones to actual things being made of metals, such as iron and bronze. ** __Catal Huyuk-__ ** A major city that laid in what is now modern day Southern Turkey. This was one of the first major settlements that began to show social division through the assignment of different jobs such as the military. ** __Ziggurats-__ ** Ziggurats were large temples in the area of Mesopotamia that were built to honor the gods and store surplus of cereal crops. Priests would often be found keeping the Ziggurats in good condition. ** __City States-__ ** They were large communities of thousands of people that were independent states. It was, in modern terms, a country that was the size of a city. ** __Sumerians-__ ** Sumerians were the people of civilization in the area of Mesopotamia. They were the first to establish a system of writing which served as a way to keep a record of taxes of cereal crops and beer, according to the History of the World in 6 Glasses. ** __Hammurabi-__ ** Hammurabi was the first king of the Babylonia Empire. His code of law would be of the earliest of all human society and would not only demonstrate and exercise ** __Huanghe-__ ** is the river valley in China that became the cradle of civilization in China where the first line of kings would begin around 1500 BCE, the Shang. ** __Indus__ **** __River-__ ** would provide a river valley fertile enough to sustain large civilizations like Harappa and Mohenjo Daro around 2500 BCE. This area would eventually establish trade with the Mesopotamian area.

Chapter Summary Civilization was all due to the ** Neolithic Revolution **, though it may be inaccurate to imply that civilization is better than the hunter gatherer society in which people lived in before the rise of agriculture. People had populated the whole world already but some area’s were just naturally better equipped to develop agriculture on a large scale as it was seen in these early settlements. Areas like ** the Nile River Valley **, the ** Indus **** River ** Valley, the ** Huanghe ** Valley (Yellow River), and ** Mesopotamia ** which is the land between the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers, would prove their superiority to surrounding land by fostering the birth of the first human civilizations. Cereal crops would become the currency of these as farmers would eventually have a surplus amount, meaning having more than what they need, allowing them to barter for other things that might be needed. In the city of ** Catal Huyuk **, especially since it was so large, it would’ve been unwise to have all farmers creating a surplus and lowering the value of the cereal crop, almost as a modern day inflation, people were given specialized jobs such as basket weaving or military positions. This would ultimately polarize the division between the leader and the followers. Religion would develop too, due to the large amount of surplus and lack of knowledge of the surroundings. Eventually, these settlements grew to the size of ** city-states ** where they were individual nations that were only thousands strong (at the most).