Industrialization+and+Imperialism

Nationalism As revolutions swept through the Atlantic in the late 18th and early 19th centuries people came to identify themselves as part of a community called a nation.


 * Treaty of Westphalia**
 * Who? - The free imperial states of Europe (France, Sweden, Spain)
 * What? - It was a peace treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War
 * When? - 1648
 * Where? - It was in Westphalia, Germany
 * Why? - Brought peace to Europe by establishing the sovereignty of the states.

2. Define nationalism in your own words: Nationalism is a group of people not only unified by political borders but by similar social and political ideology.

Take notes on the following. Make sure you connect the events back to nationalism. 3. Summarize the global impact of nationalism (limit to 200 words/ 1/2 page)
 * Unification of Italy - Italy was fragmented before due to regional princes but power was then centralized and Italy was unified under one government.
 * Unification of Germany - was also very fragmented and would be unified due to the similarities in language and culture, and this was influenced by the Nationalist movements of France and the Dutch
 * Zionism - Political movement to create a state for the Jewish people.
 * Brazilian Independence - Political movements that seperated Brazil from Portugal. (minimal conflict)
 * Monroe Doctrine - Diplomatic relations established by the United States telling European nations to stay out of the Americas
 * Argentine Republic - the country formed by the war for independence from Spain. Located in the West of South America
 * Balkan Nationalism - Fought of the imposing Empires around them like the Ottomans and challenged the Russians to form their own independent nations.

Nationalism was now creating a new world. Until this point in history, the boundaries between nations were always unclear and would basically encourage war over border disputes. Through this, more effective governing could take place in the countries. Since the amount of disorder is effectively reduced, we see that a concentration of social issues starts to develop and things that were on the "back burner" come into the light. We see arguments for the equality of women.

**Industrialization**
4. Look at the data below and answer the questions that follow

//Index Numbers of World Trade (Volume of trade in selected years compared to 1913)// // Iron Production (1000's Metric Tons) // //Years of Life Expectancy at Birth//
 * Year || Index Number ||
 * 1850 || 10 ||
 * 1870 || 24 ||
 * 1895 || 48 ||
 * 1901 || 67 ||
 * 1911 || 96 ||
 * 1913 || 100 ||
 * || 1830 || 1850 || 1913 ||
 * Britain || 700 || 2,716 || 9,792 ||
 * France || 244 || 1,262 || 4,626 ||
 * Russia || 167 || 231 || 3,870 ||
 * Germany || 111 || 246 || 14,836 ||
 * Country || Year: 1820 || Year: 1900 ||
 * Britain || 40 || 50 ||
 * Average,rest of Western Europe || 36 || 46 ||
 * United States || 39 || 47 ||
 * Japan || 34 || 44 ||
 * Russia || 28 || 32 ||
 * Average, all Latin America || 27 || 32 ||
 * Average, all Asia || 23 || 24 ||
 * Average all Africa || 23 || 24 ||


 * Which of the data sets above do you think is the most significant? Why? I believe that the last data table is the most important because it shows how the life expectancy is increasing. This would inevitably start a greater population growth and we would see a greater amount of trade to satisfy the market that is being created and social programs to satisfy the people.
 * Taken together what do these data sets tell us? All together, this tells us that the world is now beginning to modernize. We see steel taking a huge part in the productions now and we are beginning to reach the age of great trade.

5. Read the following and answer the questions below [|Industrial Revolution Introduction.pdf]
 * What was the Industrial revolution? This would be a change in the way things were produced, traded and communication between nations. It was mostly the Western nations that would experience this as the other countries provided the raw materials. This system is still fundamentally in place/
 * What was its origins? It happened due to the fact that new energy sources were being discovered.
 * What were its major effects? It would change life completely. It would elongate the life expectancy and it would cause commercialism.

6. Now referring to your textbook create a chart or mindmap of the effects of Industrialization. You must include the following
 * Gender roles/issues
 * We see that the role of women becomes more than just in the home. There will be movements for and against this and we see an overall growth of the female sphere of influence.
 * Family Structures
 * There is more concentration of the immediate family. There is the father, the mother, the sons, and the daughters.
 * Social Structures
 * We begin to see the stratification of classes even more. But at the same time, witness a growth in the middle class of the world.
 * Extension of voting rights (chartist movement)
 * More people with power begin to want to take a bigger role in the self-determination of the country.
 * Mass leisure culture
 * There are people now taking part of the consumer culture and more concentration on vacationing.
 * Romanticism
 * Art movement, expressing the beauty of national ideals and natural beauty as well.
 * Socialism
 * Moderate governmental control of the economy and there are more social programs that help the citizens.
 * Communism
 * The government has complete control of the economy.

**Imperialism**
7. Examine the map below and the data that follows - What do they show us?

//Extent of Colonial Control//
 * ~  ||~ Great Britain ||~ France ||~ Belgium ||~ Netherlands ||~ Germany (1914) ||
 * ~ Area in Square Miles || 94,000 || 212,600 || 11,800 || 13,200 || 210,000 ||
 * ~ Population || 45,500,100 || 42,000,000 || 8,300,000 || 8.500,000 || 67,500,000 ||
 * ~ Area of Colonies || 13,100,000 || 4,300,000 || 940,000 || 790,000 || 1,100,000 ||
 * ~ Population of Colonies || 470,000,000 || 65,000,000 || 13,000,000 || 66,000,000 || 13,000,000 ||

SOURCE: Mary Evelyn Townsend, //European Colonial Expansion Since 1871// (Chicago: J.P. Lippincott Company, 1941), p. 19

//Percentage of Territories Belonging to the European/US Colonial Powers// (1900) SOURCE: A. Supan, //Die territoriale Entwicklung der Euroaischen Kolonien// (Gotha, 1906), p. 254
 * ||~ Percentage Controlled ||~  ||
 * ~ Africa || 90.4% ||
 * ~ Polynesia || 98.9% ||
 * ~ Asia || 56.5% ||
 * ~ Australia || 100.0% ||
 * ~ Americas || 27.2% ||

This map and the data shows us that the Western nations of the world were controling a major percentage of the world's land. It is highly visible in the fact that the British controlled 100% of Australia and Africa was 90.4% under the control of European nations.

8. Define Imperialism in your own words: Imperialism is when a country exercises military and economic power over an area that is not part of their natural or political boundaries. This in turn makes them part of the country.

9. What were the motivations for Imperialism? There were mutliple motivations to start the imperialism of the world. Some simply wanted to extend their natural boundaries. Others believed that it was their duty to spread a certain religion, as the Spanish believed when they started their conquest of the world. Or others just wanted to expand their market. The British not only expanded their market through their conquests but also found the best way to support their industrial economy with the raw goods from conquered lands.

While many countries, including but not limited to France, Germany, Belgium, and the United States, engaged in Imperialist activity; Great Britain is known above all as the best example of a true imperialist nation. We will examine the actions of Great Britain to gain a better understanding of the nature, extent and effects of Imperialism.

10. Before note-taking, look for the following key terms (not in the glossary!) and define them in your own words.


 * The British East India Company - It was an English company that became one of the most influential companies of the world. It would serve even political means in some of the areas that it controlled like India.
 * Sepoys - An Indian soldier that worked for the British. Trained and had weapons.
 * British Raj - The British government in India. Would be responsible for the split of Pakistan and India due to religious differences.
 * Partition of Africa/ Berlin Conference - A meeting in Germany that would regulate the European imperialism of Africa, but would basically just lead to the race for control in Africa.
 * Settlement Colonies - The European people would govern themselves with little to no interactions with the native people.
 * White Dominions - Colonies were the amount of Europeans outnumbered the amount of natives there.
 * Cecil Rhodes - The British business man that went to South Africa after the discovery of diamonds there. He became quite the leader.
 * James Cook -

11. Now go through your book and complete the graphic organizer below
 * Country || How Britain gained control - steps to conquest || Actions taken by Britain when in control/ power || Effects/ Reactions ||
 * India (note this will be more notes than the following two nations.) || The British East Trade Company took power in India by establishing economic power there. Eventually military might was established there too. || The British employed Indian soldiers to supply the man power that they needed. They also put in place exams to make sure the Indians could take positions of power. || The heavy hand of the British Empire would be felt and this would lead to dissent and revolts. However it rose the level of education in the area. ||
 * South Africa || They took the cape of Africa to make sure that it would not fall to the French. || Similar to India, they created a military and rose the level of education in the area. || Unified the African state for a common cause. ||
 * New Zealand || In the 1850's the British tried to extend their power by taking over New Zealand. || The British established their law in New Zealand and sent representatives to manage the island. || The people of New Zealand were decimated but some were able to survive. ||

12. Write a 1/2 - 1 page summary where you explain the connections between Nationalism, Industrialization and Imperialism

Nationalism, industrialization, and imperialism are all interconnected. Nationalism was the centralization of pride in ones cultures and ideas through the solidification of borders. This would promote the spread of technology and advancements of idea to establish dominance over other regions of the world. This is more simply known as industrialization. This would help in terms of trade and in terms of war. The productions of weapons would become significantly more efficient and these countries would look past establishing economic dominance and look towards imperialism. This would in turn strengthen nationalistic feelings and sentiments.