The+Rise+of+Russia

The Rise of Russia

__**1.) Describe the effects of Mongol occupation on Russian civilization.**__ Russian landlords adopted Mongol style and social habits. In spite of all of the Mongol influence in Russia, many stayed with Orthodox Christianity. Mongol occupation weakened Russia's economy by reducing commerce and industry. Russia was largely dependant on farming and the serfdom system that supported it.. The result of occupation was the need for social reform as the literacy rate dropped significantly in the clergy during the Mongol occupation period. __**2.) Trace Russian expansion under the Ivans.**__ Ivan III claimed that it was Russia's duty to become the third Rome like Rome and the Byzantines before them. By 1480, Ivan had liberated Moscow from Mongol tribute and began to spread. **Ivan IV** succeeded him. Both of the Ivans recruited poor farmer warriors to go claim land. They were called **cossacks.** Russian expansion was to the East. The terrain made the aquiring of the land easier and the people that found the land were granted nobility and power over that land.




 * Name of Leader: Peter I, Peter the Great, Peter Romanov ||
 * Lifespan: 1672- 1725 || Title: Peter the Great ||
 * Country/region: Russia || Years in Power: 1689- 1725 ||
 * Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power:
 * Mongols weakened Russian economy


 * Society had adopted Mongol style and social habits
 * Russia became mainly agricultural and relied on slave labor
 * Russia was led by the Ivans who were descendants of the Rurik family
 * They sought to expand territory- focused mainly on the West
 * Romanov family took power after Ivans IV
 * Alexis Romanov gained powers over the Russian church ||
 * Ideology, Motivation, Goals:
 * Peter the Great sought to expand West- led the first westernization movement
 * Autocrat
 * absolute monarch
 * believed in divine right
 * Didn't support the idea of parliaments
 * believed it weakens like Poland
 * Wanted to adopt culture and economic development from Europe
 * Filtered Westernizatoin ||
 * Significant Actions & events During Term of Power:
 * Capital moved from Moscow to St. Petersburg
 * Increased manufacturing of ships for his trading ports


 * Didn't want to take part in creating the export economy
 * Wanted Russia to adopt Western practices and make Russia part of the West
 * Built Russia into a Western cultural zone
 * Strengthened the Russian army
 * Developed Russian navy ||
 * Short-Term effects:
 * Russia became a major power in Europe
 * Established trading ports on Baltic and Caspian Seas || Long-Term Effects:
 * Founded St. Petersburg
 * Established trading ports on Baltic and Caspian Seas ||




 * Name of Leader: Catherine the Great, Catherine II ||
 * Lifespan: 1729-1796 || Title: Monarch ||
 * Country/region: Russia || Years in Power: 1762-1796 ||
 * Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power:
 * Russia became mainly agricultural and relied on serf labor
 * They sought to expand territory- focused mainly on the East
 * Romanov family took power
 * Peter the Great begins to westernize Russia
 * Began to adopt Western ideas and threw out Mongol ones ||
 * Ideology, Motivation, Goals:
 * Based her ideas off of Westernization
 * Weakened the power of the monarch by giving more power to the nobles
 * Enlighten despot- person that promotes the welfare of the state but through centrality. ||
 * Significant Actions & events During Term of Power:
 * Used Pugachev Rebellion as disguise to increase her power
 * Eliminated Poland as an independent state
 * Continued to Westernize Russia and adopt Western culture
 * Territory continued to expand as well as the power of the military
 * gave power to the nobles, which was closer to feudalism. ||
 * Short-Term effects:
 * strong central state
 * Developed a more Western culture in Russia || Long-Term Effects:
 * Established Russia as a major world power
 * Took an active role in European affairs. ||


 * __Notes__**

After the fall of the Mongols, many peasants would need to find help to pay their debts. This created the peasant dependance of the noble class.
 * Serfdom allowed the government to regulate the peasants through the nobles to insure that no rebellion would arise.
 * By the 1800 half the population was bound to serfdom while the other half owed obligations to the state.
 * Serfdom began developing into a form of slavery
 * Peasants also had to pay high taxes or obligations to the state.

The economy was self sefficient because there was never a surplus of crops
 * Russia traded furs and other goods in parts of central Asia in order to provide enough revenue.
 * Russian expansion created population growth and during the 18th century 36 million people had lived in Russia.
 * Agriculture suffered due to landlords stealing from the serfs. This discouraged the serfs from overproduction which in return had affected the Russian economy.
 * Manufacturing developed slowly.

Landlords gained an incredible amount of power
 * Radishev criticized the backwardness of Russia's regime, he claimed that Russia should abolish serfdom.
 * Peasant rebellion had occurred such as the Pugachev rebellion.
 * Pugachev's forces roamed around Europe until they had finally been put down by Catherine

Russia still could not recreate the societies of Europe even after rebuilding their societies and areas in the west of Russia.
 * In the Balkans under Ottoman control, trade grew and new cultural ideas and exchanges were circulating.
 * Poland and Slovak regions began new fundamental discoveries such as the Scientific Revolution.
 * Poland had declined in 1500, the largest state east of Europe, Polish life continued, but economic and political changes grew apparent.



Compare labor systems that emerged in Russia + the Spanish colonies in the Americas 1400-1800 Thesis 1 Sim 1 Diff

During the 1400-1800 Russia developed a feudal system where serfs were kept under the control of nobles while the Spanish colonies gave conquistadors control over certain Natives, however in both systems, the serfs and the Natives kept little to none of their own agricultural products.

Both systems came from a different development of the respected areas. Russia had long been ruled under the Mongols. The tributes that the Mongols required the Russians to pay would force farmers to depend on nobles to pay those tributes. This is how the people would eventually become second class citizens compared to the nobles. This debt that they had towards the nobles would ultimately make them subservient to their needs. In the South American colonies, the conquistadors were given land, depending on what they conquered. They became sort of governors of the area. The natives were still free, but the encomenderos demanded all of their crops.

Both the leaders of the Encomienda and serfdom could decide the punishment of the serfs. Catherine the Great granted the nobles the right to punish the serfs in ways that they thought was fit for the crime. The same was done by the encomenderos. The punishments were harsh, often finding a way to inflict physical pain or even make examples out of people to make sure that it would ever happen again. This put the serfs and Natives at the whim of their leader. The punishment did not fit the crime but rather the emotional state of the leader.